how to reference?

Variable	Instantiating the scalar	Instantiating a reference to it	Referencing it	Dereferencing it	Accessing an element
$scalar	$scalar = "steve";	$ref = \"steve";	$ref = \$scalar	$$ref or ${$ref}	N/A
@list	@list = ("steve", "fred");	$ref = ["steve", "fred"];	$ref = \@list	@{$ref}	${$ref}[3] $ref->[3]
%hash	%hash = ("name" => "steve",    "job" => "Troubleshooter");	$hash = {"name" => "steve",    "job" => "Troubleshooter"};	$ref = \%hash	%{$ref}	${$ref}{"president"} $ref->{"president"}
FILE			$ref = \*FILE	{$ref} or scalar <$ref>

These principles are demonstrated in the source code below. Note the following anomolies: